Abstract The dwarf pequi tree, Caryocar brasiliense subsp. intermedium, is extremely restricted to ecological niches in the Cerrado biome. Thus, understanding the conditioning factors of the micro-endemism of this sub-species through its spatial distribution and the physical-chemical attributes of the soil was the objective of this research. The research was carried out in a fragment of rupestrian field. The area was divided into quadrants in which the number of pequi trees was quantified and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil were determined. The modeling of semivariograms was performed using semivariances, and ordinary kriging was used for spatial interpolation of variables with spatial dependence. The number of pequi trees, the altitude, the remaining phosphorus and the humidity showed a strong degree of spatial dependence, unlike the pH, the calcium and the magnesium, all of which had a pure nugget effect. The other variables showed a moderate degree of spatial dependence. The greater availability of bases (SB > 0.1 cmolc dm-3) and phosphorus (> 1.05 mg dm-3), the reduced percentage of moisture (< 5%) and low potential acidity (< 4.0 cmolc dm-3) were the factors positively related to the establishment and development of the dwarf pequi tree in the area.

ABSTRACT An adequate combination of factors involved in the technology used for phytosanitary product application contributes to an efficient spray deposition on the target. The objective of this study was to use multivariate analysis to characterize the magnitude of effects and the order of influence of three factors that interfere with the quality of phytosanitary product application in coffee plants. An entirely randomized design was adopted, with four repetitions, using a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with two classes of droplets quality (fine and coarse), two application rates (250 and 400 L ha-1), and the use of adjuvants (with no adjuvant or with Fighter®and Aureo® adjuvants). The quality of the application was determined by jointly analyzing the spray deposition on three thirds of leaves, in their internal and external layers, the runoff to soil, coverage, droplet density, relative amplitude, and the volumetric median diameter. The results underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA) to measure the effect sizes (η2). After testing the assumptions of multivariate analysis, clustering and principal component analyses were performed. The class of droplets was found to be the most influential factor in the quality of the phytosanitary product application (spray deposition and runoff to soil). When focusing on spray deposition on leaves, the second-most influential factor was the application rate and the relation between the application rate and the adjuvants. For the other variables, the second-most influential factor was the application rate.

RESUMO: Para a avaliação dos parâmetros bioquímicos séricos de jumentos (Equus asinus) da raça Pêga, quanto às diferentes faixas etárias e sexo, foram analisadas amostras sanguíneas de 123 animais, sendo 29 machos com idades de 8 dias a 10 anos e 94 fêmeas (15 lactantes) de 2 dias a 12 anos, de dois criatórios na região centro-sul do estado de Minas Gerais. Os animais foram divididos em 5 grupos de acordo com as idades: Grupo 1 (≤6 meses); Grupo 2 (7-12 meses); Grupo 3 (13-48 meses); Grupo 4 (49-72 meses) e Grupo 5 (≥73 meses). De acordo com o sexo, foram divididos em dois grupos, machos e fêmeas. Para todos os animais foram realizadas as análises de proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas, relação A:G, colesterol, triglicérides, ácido úrico, creatinina, ureia, fósforo, cálcio, relação Ca:P, magnésio, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FAL), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) e creatina quinase (CK). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para os elementos globulinas, ácido úrico, ureia e relação A:G entre as faixas etárias. O Grupo 4 apresentou os maiores valores para proteínas totais quando comparados aos animais dos grupos 1 e 2. Os animais do Grupo 2 mostraram valores de albumina inferiores aos Grupos 3 e 4. Os animais do Grupo 1 apresentaram valores de colesterol superiores aos do Grupo 2 e 4, e semelhante aos demais grupos. Maior concentração sérica de fósforo foi observada nos animais do grupo 1. O cálcio apresentou valor significativamente menor no Grupo 2. A relação Ca:P foi maior para o grupo 5. Os valores do magnésio foram estatisticamente superiores nos animais com idade superior a 49 meses (Grupos 4 e 5). O valor da AST foi menor para o Grupo 1.As enzimas FAL apresentaram valor significativamente maior nos animais mais jovens até 12 meses, seguida de redução gradual com o avançar da idade. Os valores da GGT foi maior nos jumentos com até seis meses de idade, seguido de valores decrescentes para os grupos subsequentes. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os sexos para albumina, colesterol, creatinina, ureia, ácido úrico, relação Ca:P, magnésio, ALT, AST e fosfatase alcalina. As fêmeas tiveram valores maiores para proteínas totais, globulinas e triglicérides. Os machos mostraram maiores valores para relação A:G, fósforo, cálcio e CK. Pelos resultados nota-se que a idade e o sexo podem influenciar nos valores bioquímicos séricos dos jumentos da raça Pêga.

ABSTRACT: For the evaluation of serum biochemical parameters of Pêga breed donkeys (Equus asinus), for the different age groups and sex, blood samples of 123 animals were analyzed, of 29 males aged from 8 days to 10 years and of 94 females (15 lactating) aged from 2 days to 12 years, from two farms in the central-southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The donkeys were divided by age into 5 groups: Group 1 (≤6 months), Group 2 (7-12 months), Group 3 (13-48 months), Group 4 (49-72 months), and Group 5 (≥73 months). According to the sex, they were divided into two groups, males and females. Serum biochemical elements: total protein, albumin, globulin, the A:G ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, creatinine, urea, phosphorus, calcium, Ca:P ratio, magnesium, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and creatine kinase (CK), were evaluated in all animals. No significant differences were found for globulins, uric acid, urea and A:G ratio between age groups. Group 4 showed the highest values for total protein when compared with animals in Group 1 and 2. In Goup 2, the donkeys showed albumin levels lower than Group 3 and 4. Group 1 they had cholesterol levels higher than those in Group 2 and 4, and similar of the other groups. Higher phosphorus serum concentration was observed in Group 1. Calcium was significantly lower in Group 2. The Ca:P ratio was higher for Group 5. The magnesium values were significantly higher in donkeys older than 49 months (Group 4 and 5). The value of AST was lower for group 1. The ALP enzyme was significantly higher in younger animals up to 12 months, followed by gradual decrease with advancing age. The values of GGT were higher in donkeys up to 6 months, followed by decreasing values for subsequent groups. No differences were found between genders for albumin, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, uric acid, Ca:P ratio, magnesium, ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase. Females had higher values for total protein, globulin and triglycerides. Males showed higher values for A:G ratio, phosphorus, calcium and CK. The results showed that age and sex can influence serum biochemical values of Pêga breed donkeys.

RESUMO: Por serem frequentes na clínica de animais silvestres, faz-se necessária a manipulação de jiboias e para isso, indispensável o conhecimento sobre as manobras precisas para o tratamento das possíveis afecções. Quando se opta pela contenção química, ou pela realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos, um dos fármacos utilizados na anestesia de serpentes é a cetamina. Viu-se a necessidade de buscar uma via alternativa, semelhante em eficácia às tradicionais para a contenção química, porém que minimizasse os riscos e efeitos adversos encontrados na sua execução. O presente trabalho sugere que a via retal seja esta alternativa, por isso, treze jiboias foram submetidas à administração de 70mg/kg de cloridrato de cetamina, com sonda uretral, através da cloaca até o cólon-reto. Foram avaliados, nos tempos 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 120 minutos, a partir da administração do fármaco, os seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca, relaxamento muscular e mobilidade, resistência à contenção ou manipulação e reação postural de endireitamento. Foi realizada coleta de 0,5mL de sangue por punção do seio venoso paravertebral cervical, antes da administração do fármaco, no dia seguinte e após nove dias. Foram dosadas as concentrações plasmáticas de cálcio, fósforo e ácido úrico de todos os exemplares a fim de verificar o perfil bioquímico renal e avaliar a influência do fármaco neste sistema. Não foram observadas alterações bioquímicas plasmáticas durante o período de avaliação. Foi possível promover a contenção química das jiboias Boa constrictor, utilizando cloridrato de cetamina pela via cólon-retal.

ABSTRACT: It is necessary to deal with Boa constrictor snakes because they are frequently treated in wild and exotic animal clinics and the knowledge about the required procedures in the treatment of the possible affections becomes imperative. When the choice for chemical restraint or sedation for surgical procedures is made, one of the drugs used in snakes is ketamine. We believed it was necessary to look for an alternative route of drug administration as effective as the regular ones, but with minimum risks and less adverse effects in its execution. Therefore thirteen snakes were submitted to the administration of 70mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride, with an urethral tube, through the cloaca into the colon-rectum. After this, they were evaluated during the 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 120 next minutes from the administration time using the following parameters: heart rate, muscle relaxation and mobility, handling or restraint resistance and righting reflex. Blood samples were collected from each snake by cervical paravertebral venous sinus punction, before the drug administration, on the next day and nine days after. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and uric acid were measured in order to check the renal biochemical profile and the possibility of influence of the drug on this system. It was possible to provoke chemical restraint in Boa constrictor snakes, with ketamine hydrochloride administered by the colon-rectal route.

Resumo: Para determinar as concentrações plasmáticas de proteínas e metabólitos de cascavéis em cativeiro, foram utilizadas 60 serpentes adultas, sendo 30 machos e 30 fêmeas. O sangue foi coletado através de punção do seio venoso paravertebral cervical e armazenado em tubos com heparina. As análises bioquímicas foram processadas colorimetricamente em Analisador Automático de Bioquímica Chemwell (Awareness Technology®, Inc). Foram calculadas as médias e desvios padrão dos seguintes constituintes: proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas, relação albumina/globulinas, ácido úrico, creatinina, ureia, colesterol, colesterol HDL e triglicérides. Os valores obtidos foram semelhantes aos descritos na literatura para repteis e serpentes, sendo as diferenças observadas provavelmente decorrentes da diferença entre espécies, clima, estação do ano e metodologia utilizada. Não houve diferenças significativas entre machos e fêmeas para os parâmetros estudados. Estes resultados podem ser úteis no estabelecimento de valores de referência para planos de conservação destes ofídios em cativeiro.

Abstract: For determining plasma concentrations of proteins and metabolites of rattlesnakes in captivity, 60 adult snakes, 30 males and 30 females were used. Blood was collected by puncture of the cervical paravertebral venous sinus and stored in tubes with heparin. Biochemical analyzes were colorimetrically processed using an Automatic Biochemistry Analyzer Chemwell (Awareness Technology®, Inc). The mean and standard deviation were calculated for the following constituents: total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, uric acid, creatinine, urea, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. The values were similar to those previously reported for reptiles and snakes, with the differences observed probably due to the difference between species, climate, season and the methodology used. There were no significant differences between males and females for the parameters studied. These results may be useful in establishing normal biochemical values for conservation plans for these snakes in captivity.

The objectives of the present study were to verify the seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies, identify the most frequent serovars and the risk factors associated with the infection in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil . A total of 334 ovines blood samples were collected in 12 farms from Uberlândia municipality to be evaluated by means the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) against 22 serovars of Leptospira spp. and an epidemiologic questionnaire was applied for each farm in order to correlate with risk factors of leptospirosis: sex, age and breed as well as contact with cattle, contact with dogs and presence of rodents. The prevalence of seropositive to MAT was found in seventy four ovines (22.2%; CI 95% 17.6-26.4%), with titers ranging from 100 to 3200. The most frequent serovars identified were: Hardjo, Autumnalis, Hardjo and Wolffi association and Grippotyphosa. Statistically significant differences were found in males, pure breeds and presence of rodents (p<0.05). The prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies found in the present study demonstrated that this bacterium occurs in ovines of Uberlândia municipality, MG, Brazil . The need for the adoption of efficient management for the control of rodents and infection in ovines in order to avoid leptospirosis in the local flocks and future transmission to humans.

Objetivou-se analisar a resposta imune humoral contra Leptospira interrogans mediante a utilização da prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) em 26 cães jovens, sendo 17 de raça definida (Grupo A) e nove sem raça (Grupo B), de ambos os sexos, pertencentes a canis e ambientes domiciliares em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Os cães foram vacinados com bacterina inativada comercial polivalente com os sorovares Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae e Pomona. O esquema vacinal baseou-se em três imunizações. A primovacinação foi realizada aos quarenta e cinco dias de idade, considerado dia zero, e após dois reforços com intervalos de trinta dias cada. Sete colheitas sanguíneas de cada cão foram efetuadas do dia zero até aos 180 dias pós-vacinais, com intervalos de trinta dias cada. Não foram detectados títulos pré-vacinais para os sorovares Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae e Grippotyphosa no dia zero. Apenas um cão do grupo A foi reagente com título 1:100 contra o sorovar Pomona na primeira colheita. Não houve diferença estatística entre os títulos de anticorpos aglutinantes entre os Grupos A e B (p>0,05), induzidos pela bacterina comercial utilizada, exceto na colheita II (p<0,05), na qual o grupo B apresentou títulos para o sorovar Autumnalis em todos os cães avaliados, enquanto que, no grupo A, 64,7% dos cães não foram reagentes a nenhum sorovar testado. No dia 30, títulos para o sorovar Autumnalis que persistiram até os 180 dias pós-vacinais, em ambos os grupos, variando apenas a intensidade da resposta imunológica sem diferença estatística significativa. Para avaliação da eficiência vacinal da bacterina anti-Leptospira, a presente pesquisa alerta para os ricos à infecção que os cães vacinados anualmente estão submetidos.

The objective was to analyze the humoral immune response against Leptospira interrogans using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in 26 young dogs, and 17 mixed breed (Group A) and nine mixed breed (Group B) of both sexes, pertaining to kennels and home environments in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais. Dogs were vaccinated with commercial inactivated polyvalent bacterin with Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona serovars. The immunization schedule was based on three immunizations. The first vaccination was performed at forty-five days of age, considered day zero, and after two boosters at intervals of thirty days each. Seven blood samples from each dog were made from time zero up to 180 days post-vaccination, at intervals of thirty days each. Titles have not been detected pre-vaccination against serovars Canicola, and Icterohaemorrhagiae Grippotyphosa on day zero. Only one dog in group A was reactive with a titer of 1:100 against Pomona in the first harvest. There was no statistical difference between the agglutinating titers between Groups A and B (p>0.05) induced by commercial vaccine used, except at harvest II (p<0.05), in which the group B presented evidence to serovar Autumnalis in all dogs evaluated, whereas in group A, 64.7% of dogs were not reactive to any serovar tested. There were on the 30th title to serovar Autumnalis that persisted until 180 days post-vaccination in both groups, varying only the intensity of immune response without significant statistical difference. To assess the efficiency of vaccine culture anti-Leptospira this research to warn the risks infection that dogs are vaccinated annually submitted.

Modelos de séries temporais têm sido amplamente usados no estudo de variáveis climatológicas, como temperatura e precipitação. Diversos são os objetivos traçados neste trabalho a fim de se analisar a série de temperatura média mensal da cidade de Uberlândia, MG, descrevendo seus componentes, e fazer previsões para períodos subseqüentes através de modelos ajustados para a série. A análise permitiu identificar, na série, a presença dos componentes, tendência e sazonalidade. Modelos do tipo SARIMA foram ajustados e, por meio dos critérios AIC (Akaike Information Criterion), BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion) e MSE (Mean Square Error) foi selecionado o modelo SARIMA (3,1,0)(0,1,1) para fins de previsão.

Time series models have been used for climatological variables such as temperature and rainfall. In this paper, time series of monthly mean temperatures for the municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, were analyzed describing their components and making forecasts using the SARIMA models. The analysis showed trend and seasonality components. The SARIMA model was adjusted by AIC (Akaike Information Criterion), BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion) and MSE (Mean Square Error) criterion. The results showed that the SARIMA (3,1,0)(0,1,1) was a good model for forecasting.